Europeanism

There are roughly eight billion, two hundred fifty million humans across Earth. Humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus Homo. Like many mammalian species with wide geographic dispersal humans are subdivided into distinct subspecies, which are commonly known as races. Human races are comprised of numerous ethnicities, with some of these ethnicities having multiple subethnicities. Within humans race is both a sociological and biological phenomenon and can be most accurately defined as a collection of ethnic groups that have a high degree of cultural, linguistic, religious, and genetic similarity to each other, while being dissimilar to other collections of ethnic groups. Historically, the human species and its various subspecies, such as the European subspecies, was defined by countless small tribes that had little to no contact with each other but over the millennia as humans have technologically developed these tribes would meld together to form the much larger ethnic groups which define much of the world today. 

Europeans are those people whose genetic composition is primarily derived from tens of thousands of years of human evolution on the continent of Europe. The European Race is the approximately one billion, one hundred twenty-five million Europeans who nearly all belong to the twenty-eight European ethnic groups primarily spread across the world's fifty-seven European countries. The European Race can be divided into three main branches based on language families including Germanic Europeans, Latin Europeans, and Slavic Europeans. Historically, Celtic Europeans would have constituted a fourth main branch of the European Race however the Celtic ethnicities were absorbed into other European ethnicities over the centuries, with the last remaining Celtic ethnicities having been absorbed into the British and French ethnicities. Today, there are only a few hundred thousand native speakers of the six surviving Celtic languages which include Irish, Welsh, Breton, Gaelic, Cornish, and Manx with these native speakers primarily being elderly Europeans in the remote northwestern edges of Europe. 

The terms "European" and "White" are synonyms with the latter generally being a more colloquial version of the more formal former. The specific use of the words "Europe" and "Europeans" to describe the continent and its indigenous inhabitants was popularized by the Greeks in the 6th century BC. Usage of the term "White" as a synonym for Europeans was first recorded in France in the 14th century and would begin to become popular across the rest of Western Europe beginning in the late 16th century. However, the term "White" would achieve its greatest popularity in the British, Spanish, Portuguese and French colonies of the Americas which practiced African slavery, as local European elites sought a term to describe their race in a way that differentiated the Europeans in the Americas from both their African slaves as well as their fellow Europeans in Europe. Today, usage of the term "White" is predominately associated with the Americas, most notably the United States, and can sometimes be viewed as slightly uneducated, crass, or even offensive. 

Throughout the centuries some have argued that the terms "European" and "White" are not synonyms and that there is a "White Race" which encompasses not only Europeans but also the indigenous peoples of Southwest Asia and North Africa such as the Semitic ethnic groups like the Arabs, Amhara, Israelis, and Assyrians or the Iranic ethnic groups like the Persians, Pashtuns, Kurds, and Ossetians. However, this is an intellectually disingenuous argument generally made for political purposes as it has no basis in biological or sociological reality as Europeans and the non-Europeans of Southwest Asia and North Africa are highly distinct genetically and culturally. Thousands of years ago there was more genetic and cultural continuity between these regions but after the Arab conquests of the 7th century and Turkish conquests of the 14th and 15th centuries these similarities greatly diminished. Today, the ethnic groups of Southwest Asia and North Africa which are most genetically and culturally similar to Europeans are the Georgians and Armenians, as they were the most able to resist assimilation by the Arabs and Turks while retaining numerous connections to Europeans. 

An ethnicity is a group of people that share a common and distinctive ancestry, culture, religion, and language. Ethnicity is a cultural universal and essential quality inherent to all major human groupings. The term ethnic is derived from the Greek word ethnos, which was loaned into Latin as ethnicus. Since the late middle ages the Germanic word folk, alongside the Latinate words people and nation have been also used to describe this concept. Some 2,500 years ago legendary Greek historian and philosopher Herodotus gave a well known account of what defined his own classical Greek ethnicity, and what separated him from the Persians, describing the Greeks as speaking the same language, having common sanctuaries, rituals, and systems of belief, being of the same blood, and sharing customs of like fashion.

European ethnicities are most accurately and consistently defined along linguistic lines as Europeans are often so similar culturally, religiously, and genetically that it is generally accepted among ethnographers that language is the best way to divide the European race into its constituent European ethnicities. If Europeans did not speak separate languages it is very likely Europeans would ultimately come to form a singular ethnicity in the way that the Han Chinese, who outnumber Europeans by a few hundred million, have become the world's largest ethnic group based on the high degree of mutual intelligibility of the various Chinese dialects. While the ethnolinguistic approach might upset some European groups, such as the Serbs, Croats, Bosniaks, and Montenegrins who together form the Serbian ethnicity, it is the only method that can be objectively and wholistically applied to all Europeans. For reference, major ethnic groups originating from neighboring Asia listed by total population include such peoples as the Chinese, Arabs, Bengalis, Japanese, Punjabis, Javanese, Marathi, Telugu, Turks, Koreans, Vietnamese, Tamils, Malays, Gujarati, and Persians.

Of the twenty-eight European ethnicities thirteen are made up of multiple subethnicities, while the remaining fifteen are a singular ethnicity that cannot be further divided into subethnicities. A sub-ethnicity is a concept that describes the prominent regional divisions of an ethnic group. Within the European race it is generally accepted that there are only significant enough pressures for distinct sub-ethnicities to emerge when ethnic groups are separated into different countries over significant periods of time, as while there will always be a multitude of small regional differences in things like accent or cuisine within European ethnic groups, these are not significant enough to constitute a new sub-ethnicity. For example, in France while there are certainly differences between the French of Normandy and Occitania they are not sufficient for the Normans and Occitanians to be separate sub-ethnicities of the French ethnicity. However, the French of Wallonia in the country of Belgium have been subject to a separate government for long enough that the Walloons have become a separate sub-ethnicity from the French of France even though they all still remain French. Two examples of European ethnicities that cannot be further divided into sub-ethnicities are the Russians and Ukrainians. While Russian and Ukrainian communities exist to varying degrees across all post-Soviet states none of them are large enough and have been politically separated long enough to form sub-ethnicities that are distinct from the foundational Russian and Ukrainian ethnicities that can be found in Russia and Ukraine.

Due to the structure of some European languages occasionally there are Europeans who initially struggle differentiating between the concepts of ethnicity and citizenship. However, this is not the case within many European languages and cultures. For example in Russia, a vast and diverse country with many distinct groups forming its citizenry, there are two Russian words which are commonly translated into English as "Russians". One is "Pусские" (Russkiye), which means "ethnic Russians"; another is "Pоссияне" (Rossiyane), which denotes "Russian Federation citizens", regardless of ethnicity. In understanding the European ethnicities it is important to remember that there is no European country where all of the citizenry are formed by a particular ethnic group and there are many European ethnic groups which predominate across multiple European countries. 

The fact that the number of European countries exceeds the number of European ethnicities is largely due to Europeans leaving Europe during the Second European Golden Age from 1492 to 1914 to conquer and permanently settle sparsely populated regions that would eventually become independent countries from their mother country due to geographic distance and growing population. European settler colonialism by the British, Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Dutch would see the development of unique subethnicities far away from their ancestral homelands. The British who settled in the Americas and Oceania would eventually emerge as the distinct British subethnicities of Americans, Canadians, Australians, and New Zealanders and found the countries of the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand where they all continue to form the largest nationality to this day. Similarly, the Spanish and Portuguese who settled in the Americas began to diverge from the Spanish and Portuguese of Iberia. Then as a result of the French conquest of Spain and Portugal during the Napoleonic Wars, between 1808 and 1826 all of Latin America except the Spanish colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico would slip out of the hands of the Iberian powers who had ruled the region for some three hundred years to become independent countries like Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Venezuela, or Colombia with the indigenous Spanish and Portuguese of these recently independent countries solidifying into new subethnicities like Brazilians, Mexicans, Argentines, Venezuelans, or Colombians. In some countries like Argentina or Cuba the Spanish subethnicity of Argentines or Cubans form the overwhelming majority of the population, whereas in other countries like Bolivia or Guatemala the Spanish sub-ethnicity of Bolivians or Guatemalans form a small minority of the population.

In the past few centuries some sixty-five million Europeans would leave Europe to immigrate to European settler states. Over the generations nearly al these European immigrants or their descendants would acculturate, assimilate, and interbreed with members of the pre-existing European subethnicity to raise their children as part of those subethnicities. This is the process by which the roughly sixty-five million Europeans who left Europe like Italians, Germans, or Poles would ultimately have descendants like Americans, Brazilians, or Argentines.

1. British 270m The British are the largest European ethnicity with roughly 270 million British primarily spread across the Anglosphere. The British natively speak the English language, share a common British culture, have shared British ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. The British ethnicity is comprised of nine subethnicities including the Americans, English, Canadians, Australians, Irish, Scottish, New Zealanders, Welsh, and Cape Brits and is indigenous to the countries of United States, England, Canada, Australia, Ireland, Scotland, New Zealand, Wales, and South Africa. While historically the English, Irish, Scottish, and Welsh were distinct from each other over the centuries they so thoroughly culturally, linguistically, and genetically intermixed that a singular ethnicity arose among them. Of these four groups the English were by far the largest and most powerful and so their language and culture would have the largest impact on this mixture which is why is the terms English or Anglo are broadly synonymous with the term British.

   1. Americans 180m

   2. English 38.1m

   3. Canadians 18.4m

   4. Australians 17.4m

   5. Irish 4.7m

   6. Scottish 4.6m

   7. New Zealanders 3.2m

   8. Welsh 2m

   9. Cape Brits 1.6m

2. Spanish 177m The Spanish are the second largest European ethnicity with roughly 177 million Spanish primarily spread across the Hispanosphere. The Spanish natively speak the Spanish language, share a common Spanish culture, have shared Spanish ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. The Spanish ethnicity is comprised of twenty subethnicities including the Mexicans, Spaniards, Argentines, Venezuelans, Colombians, Chileans, Cubans, Costa Ricans, Uruguayans, Paraguayans, Dominicans, Peruvians, Nicaraguans, Salvadorans, Bolivians, Puerto Ricans, Guatemalans, Ecuadorians, Panamanians, and Hondurans and is indigenous to the countries of Mexico, Spain, Argentina, Venezuela, Colombia, Chile, Cuba, Costa Rica, Uruguay, Paraguay, Dominican, Peru, Nicaragua, Salvador, Bolivia, Puerto Rico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Panama, and Honduras. Estimating the exact number of Spanish across the world is very difficult as many Spanish in the Americas will select "Mestizo" on surveys as they often have a notable amount of Amerindian genetic admixture due to interbreeding between Spanish and Amerindians over the centuries of their coexistence. However, it is extremely rare that someone from Hispanic America will have a genetic profile that is exactly 50% European and 50% Amerindian. Based on genetic studies it appears that roughly two-thirds of those identifying as "Mestizo" are in fact Amerindian and roughly one-third are in fact European with the actual number of "Mestizos" being at most only a couple percent of this category. Therefore, the actual number of Spanish almost certainly exceeds census data with roughly one-third of "Mestizos" from Hispanic American countries being Spanish and two-thirds being semi-Hispanicized Amerindians such as Mayans, Nahuas, Quechua, or Guarani.

   1. Mexicans 42m

   2. Argentines 38m

   3. Spaniards 36m

   4. Venezuelans 13m

   5. Colombians 11m

   6. Chileans 10m

   7. Cubans 7m

   8. Costa Ricans 3.5m

   9. Uruguayans 3m

   10. Peruvians 2.3m

   11. Ecuadorians 2m

   12. Paraguayans 1.7m

   13. Puerto Ricans 1.6m

   14. Dominicans 1.5m

   15. Nicaraguans 1.1m

   16. Hondurans .9m

   17. Salvadorans .8m

   18. Bolivians .7m

   19. Guatemalans .5m

   20. Panamanians .4m

3. Russians 125m The Russians are the third largest European ethnicity with roughly 125 million Russians primarily spread across the Russosphere. The Russians natively speak the Russian language, share a common Russian culture, have shared Russian ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. Russians are indigenous to the country of Russia and are a significant portion of the population in the countries of Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Latvia, and Estonia. While historically Uralic European ethnic groups that were indigenous to Russia like the Komi, Udmurts, Mari, and Mordvins were distinct from the Russians, over the centuries they were so thoroughly Russified adopting the Russian language and culture combined with interbreeding with Russians such that nearly all the descendants of the historic Uralic Europeans of Russia are today Russian. 

4. Portuguese 103m The Portuguese are the fourth largest European ethnicity with roughly 103 million Portuguese primarily spread across the Lusosphere. The Portuguese natively speak the Portuguese language, share a common Portuguese culture, have shared Portuguese ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. The Portuguese ethnicity is comprised of three subethnicities including the Brazilians, Portuguese, and Galicians and is indigenous to the countries of Brazil and Portugal and the region of Galicia.

   1. Brazilians 88m

   2. Portuguese 12.3m

   3. Galicians 2.7m

5. Germans 78m The Germans are the fifth largest European ethnicity with roughly 78 million Germans. The Germans natively speak the German language, share a common German culture, have shared German ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. The German ethnicity is comprised of four subethnicities including the Germans, Austrians, Swiss, and Luxembourgers and is indigenous to the countries of Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Luxembourg.

   1. Germans 72.6m

   2. Austrians 7.4m

   3. Swiss 5m

   4. Luxembourgers .3m

6. French 70m The French are the sixth largest European ethnicity with roughly 70 million French primarily spread across the Francophonie. The French natively speak the French language, share a common French culture, have shared French ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. The French ethnicity is comprised of four subethnicities including the French, Quebecers, Walloons, and Romandy and is indigenous to the country of France and the regions of Quebec, Wallonia, and Romandy.

   1. French 55m

   2. Quebecers 7m

   3. Walloons 3.2m

   4. Romands 2m

7. Italians 55m The Italians are the seventh largest European ethnicity with roughly 55 million Italians. The Italians natively speak the Italian language, share a common Italian culture, have shared Italian ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. The Italian ethnicity is comprised of three subethnicities including the Italians, Ticinos, and Maltese and is indigenous to the countries of Italy and Malta and the region of Ticino.

   1. Italians 53m

   2. Ticinos .7m

   3. Maltese .4m

8. Ukrainians 42m The Ukrainians are the eighth largest European ethnicity with roughly 42 million Ukrainians. The Ukrainians natively speak the Ukrainian language, share a common Ukrainian culture, have shared Ukrainian ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. Ukrainians are indigenous to the country of Ukraine.

9. Poles 40m The Poles are the ninth largest European ethnicity with roughly 40 million Poles. The Poles natively speak the Polish language, share a common Polish culture, have shared Polish ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. Poles are indigenous to the country of Poland.

10. Dutch 27m The Dutch are the tenth largest European ethnicity with roughly 27 million Dutch. The Dutch natively speak the Dutch language, share a common Dutch culture, have shared Dutch ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. The Dutch ethnicity is comprised of three subethnicities including the Dutch, Flemish, and Afrikaners and is indigenous to the country of Netherlands and South Africa and the regions of Flanders.

    1. Dutch 17m

    2. Flemish 6.9m

    3. Afrikaners 3.1m

11. Romanians 22m The Romanians are the eleventh largest European ethnicity with roughly 22 million Romanians. The Romanians natively speak the Romanian language, share a common Romanian culture, have shared Romanian ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. The Romanian ethnicity is comprised of two subethnicities including the Romanians and Moldovans and is indigenous to the countries of Romania and Moldova.

    1. Romanians 19.8m

    2. Moldovans 2.2m

12. Czechs 16m The Czechs are the twelfth largest European ethnicity with roughly 16 million Czechs. The Czechs natively speak the Czech language, share a common Czech culture, have shared Czech ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. The Czech ethnicity is comprised of two subethnicities including the Czechs and Slovaks and is indigenous to the countries of Czechia and Slovakia.

    1. Czechs 10.3m

    2. Slovaks 5.7m

13. Serbs 15m The Serbs are the thirteenth largest European ethnicity with roughly 15 million Serbs. The Serbs natively speak the Serbian language, share a common Serbian culture, have shared Serb ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition with a small minority having a Muslim religious tradition. The Serb ethnicity is comprised of four subethnicities including the Serbs, Croats, Bosniaks, and Montenegrins and is indigenous to the countries of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, and Montenegro. Including the Serbs, Croats, Bosniaks, and Montenegrins together as part of a broader Serbian ethnicity is controversial as these groups are among the most dissimilar to each other of all the European subethnicities as the Serbs and Montenegrins are of a Orthodox Christian background and use the Cyrillic script to write the Serbian language, whereas the Croats are of a Catholic Christian background and the Bosniaks are of Sunni Islamic background with both using the Latin script to write the Serbian language. Furthermore, tensions between these groups in the past few decades are among the highest they have been for a millennia as these groups very recently fought against each other in the Yugoslav Wars as their formerly shared country of Yugoslavia dissolved along subethnic lines. However, these four subethnicities are so interrelated genetically, culturally, and linguistically that categorizing them as separate ethnicities would be intellectually disingenuous and likely only done for modern political purposes.

    1. Serbs 7.7m

    2. Croats 4.2m

    3. Bosniaks 2.7m

    4. Montenegrins .4m

14. Hungarians 14m The Hungarians are the fourteenth largest European ethnicity with roughly 14 million Czechs. The Hungarians natively speak the Hungarian language, share a common Hungarian culture, have shared Hungarian ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. Hungarians are indigenous to the country of Hungary.

15. Greeks 13m The Greeks are the fifteenth largest European ethnicity with roughly 13 million Greeks. The Greeks natively speak the Greek language, share a common Greek culture, have shared Greek ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. The Greek ethnicity is comprised of two subethnicities including the Greeks and Cypriots and is indigenous to the countries of Greece and Cyprus.

    1. Greeks 12.2m

    2. Cypriots .8m

16. Swedes 11m The Swedes are the sixteenth largest European ethnicity with roughly 11 million Swedes. The Swedes natively speak the Swedish language, share a common Swedish culture, have shared Swedish ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. Swedish are indigenous to the country of Sweden.

17. Catalans 9m The Catalans are the seventeenth largest European ethnicity with roughly 9 million Catalans. The Catalans natively speak the Catalan language, share a common Catalan culture, have shared Catalan ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. Catalans are indigenous to the country of Andorra and the regions of Catalonia, Valencia, and the Balearic Islands.

18. Bulgarians 7m The Bulgarians are the eighteenth largest European ethnicity with roughly 7 million Bulgarians. The Bulgarians natively speak the Bulgarian language, share a common Bulgarian culture, have shared Bulgarian ancestry, and maintain a Christian religious tradition. The Bulgarian ethnicity is comprised of two subethnicities including the Bulgarians and North Macedonians and is indigenous to the countries of Bulgaria and North Macedonia.

    1. Bulgarians 5.7m

    2. North Macedonians 1.3m

19. Danes 6m The Danes are the nineteenth largest European ethnicity with roughly 6 million Danes. The Danes natively speak the Danish language, share a common Danish culture, have shared Danish ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. Danes are indigenous to the country of Denmark.

20. Finns 5.5m The Finns are the twentieth largest European ethnicity with roughly 5.5 million Finns. The Finns natively speak the Finnish language, share a common Finnish culture, have shared Finnish ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. Finns are indigenous to the country of Finland.

21. Albanians 5m The Albanians are the twenty-first largest European ethnicity with roughly 5 million Albanians. The Albanians natively speak the Albanian language, share a common Albanian culture, have shared Albanian ancestry, and have both a Christian and Muslim religious tradition. The Albanian ethnicity is comprised of two subethnicities including the Albanians and Kosovars and is indigenous to the countries of Albania and Kosovo.

    1. Albanians 3.3m

    2. Kosovars 1.7m

22. Norwegians 4.5m The Norwegians are the twenty-second largest European ethnicity with roughly 4.5 million Norwegians. The Norwegians natively speak the Norwegian language, share a common Norwegian culture, have shared Norwegian ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. Norwegians are indigenous to the country of Norway.

23. Lithuanians 2.5m The Lithuanians are the twenty-third largest European ethnicity with roughly 2.5 million Lithuanians. The Lithuanians natively speak the Lithuanian language, share a common Lithuanian culture, have shared Lithuanian ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. Lithuanians are indigenous to the country of Lithuania.

24. Basques 2.3m The Basques are the twenty-sixth largest European ethnicity with roughly 2.3 million Basques. The Basques natively speak the Basque language, share a common Basque culture, have shared Basque ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. Basques are indigenous to the region of Basque Country.

25. Slovenes 2m The Slovenes are the twenty-fourth largest European ethnicity with roughly 2 million Slovenes. The Slovenes natively speak the Slovene language, share a common Slovene culture, have shared Slovenian ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. Slovenians are indigenous to the country of Slovenia.

26. Latvians 1.5m The Latvians are the twenty-fifth largest European ethnicity with roughly 1.5 million Latvians. The Latvians natively speak the Latvian language, share a common Latvian culture, have shared Latvian ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. Latvians are indigenous to the country of Latvia.

27. Estonians 1m The Estonians are the twenty-seventh largest European ethnicity with roughly 1 million Estonians. The Estonians natively speak the Estonian language, share a common Estonian culture, have shared Estonian ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. Estonians are indigenous to the country of Estonia.

28. Icelanders .5m The Icelanders are the twenty-eighth largest European ethnicity with roughly .5 million Icelanders. The Icelanders natively speak the Icelander language, share a common Icelander culture, have shared Icelander ancestry, and have a Christian religious tradition. Icelanders are indigenous to the country of Iceland.

European Civilization, also known as Western Civilization, broadly refers to the interconnected cultural, religious, and intellectual traditions created by Europeans across the European World over the millennia. The European World, also known as the Western World or Occident, is generally defined as the regions of the earth where Europeans form the largest group. The term Occident comes from the Latin word occidens which means "sunset" or "west", in contrast to the Orient which comes from the Latin word oriens, meaning "rise" or "east". 

The European world is principally formed by the fifty-seven European countries. A European country is any country founded by Europeans in which Europeans form the largest group within society. At the onset of the European World Wars in 1914, which brought an end to the centuries-long Second European Golden Age, there were more European countries in the world than there are today. However, due to Europeans having a lower birth rate than non-Europeans and the mass migration of non-Europeans into historically European countries the number of European countries has been reduced and will continue to diminish in the coming decades. 

The current fifty-seven European countries listed by population are: United States, Brazil, Russia, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain, Argentina, Poland, Canada, Ukraine, Venezuela, Australia, Romania, Chile, Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Czechia, Greece, Portugal, Cuba, Hungary, Belarus, Austria, Switzerland, Serbia, Bulgaria, Denmark, Slovakia, Finland, New Zealand, Norway, Costa Rica, Ireland, Croatia, Uruguay, Moldova, Bosnia, Albania, Lithuania, Slovenia, Latvia, North Macedonia, Kosovo, Estonia, Cyprus, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Malta, Iceland, Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City. 

Across the European Countries of the European World there are currently 127 nexuses of combined political, economic, cultural, and religious power. These nexuses of power are political capitals that are the center of major metropolitan areas with more than two million people living in a 80 kilometer radius, which is the farthest realistic semi-regular commute an individual can make. Some political capitals are the capitals of countries, while others are the capitals of first-level administrative divisions like states, provinces, or oblasts. Many European countries have only one nexus of power as they only have one sizeable metropolitan area or because they are so heavily centralized that all meaningful legislative authority is concentrated in the capital city. In nearly all European countries, with the notable exception of the United States and to a lesser extent Canada and Germany, the largest city in a first-level administrative division is almost always its capital. While major European population centers that are not capitals like New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago in United States or Birmingham and Manchester in United Kingdom or Leipzig and Nuremberg in Germany all have significant amounts of economic, cultural, and religious power they lack the ultimate form of power which is political power. No corporation, film studio, or religious organization can forcefully bend people to their will through the lawful use of organized violence, and so their power primarily comes from influencing the thought process of those who hold political power. 

The current 127 nexuses of power across the European Countries of the European World are Washington, Boston, Atlanta, Providence Hartford, Phoenix, Sacramento, Denver, Saint Paul, Raleigh, Austin, Salt Lake City, Columbus, Indianapolis, and Nashville in United States; São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Porto Alegre, Fortaleza, Recife, Salvador, Curitiba, Campinas, Manaus, Goiânia, Belém, Vitória, Natal, and João Pessoa in Brazil; Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Rostov-on-Don, Samara, and Nizhny Novgorod in Russia; Berlin, Düsseldorf, Hamburg, Munich, Stuttgart, Hannover, and Bremen in Germany; London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, and Belfast in United Kingdom; Paris, Lyon, Marseille, Lille, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Nantes, and Strasbourg in France; Rome, Milan, Naples, Turin, Bologna, Bari, and Florence in Italy; Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, and Bilbao in Spain; Buenos Aires and Córdoba in Argentina; Warsaw, Katowice, Kraków, Gdańsk, Poznań, and Łódź in Poland; Toronto and Ottawa in Canada; Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipro, and Donetsk in Ukraine; Caracas, Maracaibo, Valencia, Maracay, and Barquisimeto in Venezuela; Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, and Perth in Australia; Bucharest in Romania; Santiago and Valparaíso in Chile; Amsterdam and Hague in Netherlands; Brussels and Antwerp in Belgium; Stockholm in Sweden; Prague in Czechia; Athens in Greece; Lisbon and Porto in Portugal; Havana in Cuba; Budapest in Hungary; Minsk in Belarus; Vienna in Austria; Bern and Zurich in Switzerland; Belgrade in Serbia; Sofia in Bulgaria; Copenhagen in Denmark; Bratislava in Slovakia; Helsinki in Finland; Auckland in New Zealand; Oslo in Norway; San José in Costa Rica, Dublin in Ireland; Zagreb in Croatia; Montevideo in Uruguay; Chișinău in Moldova; Tirana in Albania; Ljubljana in Slovenia; Skopje in North Macedonia; Pristina in Kosovo; and Luxembourg City in Luxembourg.

If current demographic trends are to continue or accelerate then within the next few decades the number of European countries will diminish from fifty-seven to forty-nine as Argentina, Venezuela, Chile, Costa Rica, and Uruguay become Amerindian countries; Australia and New Zealand become Asian countries; and Brazil becomes an African country. All of the once European countries of Central and South America, with the exception of Brazil, will likely become Amerindian due to the higher birthrate of Amerindians than Europeans in these countries, combined with the mass migration of Amerindians from the poorer and less developed Amerindian regions of Central and South America into these wealthier and more developed European regions of Central and South America, as well as the emigration of Europeans to Europe and North America. Australia and New Zealand will likely become Asian countries as the mass migration of Asians into these countries continues, and Europeans begin to emigrate to Europe and North America in increasingly significant numbers. Brazil will likely become an African country as the African birthrate continues to outpace the European birthrate, Europeans emigrate to Europe and North America, Pardos are identified as Africans alongside Pretos as advocated for by the increasingly powerful Movimento Negro, and the mass migration of Africans to a more welcoming Brazil begins as the rapidly growing population of Africa strains the continent's carrying capacity. 

During the Second European Golden Age Europeans would conquer nearly the entirety of the earth. Many parts of the world were already densely populated and so they would be governed by a small number of European administrators such as the British Raj which covered modern India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar or French Indochina which covered modern Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. However, in regions that did not already have a large population with a relatively temperate climate Europeans would permanently settle in significant numbers to become a majority of the population in a process known as European Settler Colonialism. These regions were North America, the Southern Cone of South America, Australasia, Siberia, and Southernmost Africa. Of the roughly sixty-five million Europeans who left Europe in the past few centuries more than ninety percent would settle in these regions. Today, the European Diaspora is formed by more than a half billion Europeans permanently residing outside of Europe with roughly 221 million British, 141 million Spanish, 88 million Portuguese, 30 million Russians, 7 million French, and 3 million Dutch forming the core of the diaspora. 

While all Europeans would participate in and benefit from global conquest and colonization to varying degrees only the British, Spanish, Portuguese, Russians, French, and Dutch would be able to replicate their homelands outside of Europe through directly controlled, large-scale settlement. Though the Germans, Italians, Swedish, and Danish would also establish empires outside of Europe the few areas they controlled that were suitable for large-scale European permanent settlement were ruled for an insufficient period of time for them to replicate their societies. 

The process of European Settler Colonialism would lead to the creation of twenty-seven new European subethnicities. Five British subethnicities including the Americans, Canadians, Australians, New Zealanders, and Cape Brits; nineteen Spanish subethnicities including the Mexicans, Spaniards, Argentines, Venezuelans, Colombians, Chileans, Cubans, Costa Ricans, Uruguayans, Paraguayans, Dominicans, Peruvians, Nicaraguans, Salvadorans, Bolivians, Puerto Ricans, Guatemalans, Ecuadorians, Panamanians, and Hondurans; one Portuguese subethnicity being the Brazilians; one French subethnicity being the Quebecers; and one Dutch subethnicity being the Afrikaners. Since the Russians who left Europe to cross the Ural Mountains to settle Siberia were geographically contiguous with their ancestral homeland and never became an independent country they did not evolve into a distinct subethnicity and remained part of the original Russian ethnicity. 

Religiosity, also known as as spiritually, is a belief in or connection to supernatural entities or forces that exist outside of the scientifically observable universe. Religiosity is a universal human trait and has been observed in every human grouping in recorded history. Many anthropologists theorize that religiosity arose among humans as they developed consciousness and high intelligence, as without some sense of transcendental purpose a highly intelligent species capable of reason and abstract thought would collapse into nihilism and go extinct from a failure to reproduce itself. 

Christianity has been the defining religious expression of Europeans for more than a millennium and a half since Christianity was embraced by Roman Emperor Constantine in 313, codified into a unified religion through meetings such as the Council of Nicaea in 325, and finally made the official religion of the Roman Empire in 380. The three pillars of European Christianity are Catholicism, which is largely defined by Latin European peoples; Protestantism, which is largely defined by Germanic European peoples; and Orthodoxy, which is largely defined by Slavic European peoples. Prior to the advent of ocean-going ships the spread of Christianity outside of Europe was very limited and mostly constrained by the Islamic Arabs, Tatars, and Turks with war between these groups and Europeans being nearly constant. 

Europe and the European World is intimately connected with the concept of Christendom, with some scholars even asserting that during the First European Dark Age following the collapse of the Roman Empire it was primarily the unifying practice of Christianity that allowed Europeans to retain a strong sense of common racial identity. This became especially apparent after Christianity in the narrow strip of fertile land that rings the Mediterranean Sea in Africa and Asia that historically was deeply interconnected with Europe was Islamized by the Arab conquests of the 7th century. Though Europeans would attempt to reclaim their cultural and religious predominance in these regions with the Crusades they would ultimately fail and today many parts of the world many thousands of kilometers away from Europe are more culturally and religiously similar to Europe than the Mediterranean parts of Africa and Asia that are only a few hundred kilometers from Europe. 

The Great Schism of the 11th century would see the Greek and Slavic European peoples of Eastern Europe split from the Latin and Germanic European peoples of Western Europe to form modern Orthodoxy and Catholicism with the Reformation of the 16th century seeing the Germanic Europeans of Northwest Europe splitting from the Latin Europeans of Southwest Europe to form Protestantism. While these changes were nominally precipitated by theological disagreements, particularly in the case of Protestantism, they were primarily driven by historically insurmountable cultural and political differences between Latin, Germanic, and Slavic Europeans. 

Presently within the European race there exists nineteen national churches. A national church is a hierarchical, centralized religious organization in which a majority or plurality of a particular European ethnic or subethnic group are formal members. These national churches are often deeply tied to their respective nation-states and receive advantageous government treatment ranging from public promotion to preferential financial treatment. The vast majority of Europeans around the world belong to one of these nineteen national churches and in most European countries the majority of the population are members of these national churches. These churches listed by number of members are: Catholic Church, Russian Orthodox Church, Orthodox Church of Ukraine, Church of England, Evangelical Church in Germany, Romanian Orthodox Church, Church of Greece, Serbian Orthodox Church, Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Church of Sweden, Church of Denmark, Church of Norway, Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, Church of Scotland, Macedonian Orthodox Church, Church of Cyprus, Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia, Church of Iceland, and Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church. Participation in Christianity by Europeans outside of a national church was largely limited to the United States historically, though after the United States rose to become the sole European superpower after the European World Wars the tens of thousands of various Protestant churches founded in the United States found some success attracting European members outside the United States. As non-national churches are much smaller and more disorganized compared to national churches they are generally shaped by state power as reflections of the popular culture and will come and go according to the changing tastes and preferences of their donors. While an individual European may participate in a non-national church for personal reasons such as individual fulfilment or socialization opportunities there is little to no viability to calculatedly lobby the church's hierarchy to adopt positions or take actions that could bring about broader governmental or societal changes.   

Across the fifty-seven European countries of the European world the Catholic Church is the largest and most powerful religious organization in thirty-six European countries, various Orthodox Churches are the largest and most powerful religious organizations in thirteen European countries, and various Protestant Churches are the largest and most powerful religious organizations in eight European countries. Historically, various Protestant Churches were the largest and most powerful religious organizations in six more European countries than today including the Anglican Church in United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand; the Evangelical Church in Germany; and the Dutch Reformed Church in Netherlands. However, over the generations Protestants would leave these national churches to join minor Protestant organizations, become Catholic, or become nominally irreligious. It is quite possible that in the coming decades the Catholic Church will become the largest and most powerful religious organization in every country of the European World outside of certain parts of Eastern Europe. The Catholic Church is the largest and most powerful religious organization in United States, Brazil, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Argentina, Poland, Canada, Venezuela, Australia, Chile, Netherlands, Belgium, Czechia, Portugal, Cuba, Hungary, Austria, Switzerland, Slovakia, New Zealand, Costa Rica, Ireland, Croatia, Uruguay, Albania, Lithuania, Slovenia, Luxembourg, Malta, Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City. The Russian Orthodox Church is the largest and most powerful religious organization in Russia, Belarus, and Moldova. The Church of England is the largest and most powerful religious organization in United Kingdom. The Orthodox Church of Ukraine is the largest and most powerful religious organization in Ukraine. The Romanian Orthodox Church is the largest and most powerful religious organization in Romania and Moldova. The Church of Sweden is the largest and most powerful religious organization in Sweden. The Church of Greece is the largest and most powerful religious organization in Greece. The Serbian Orthodox Church is the largest and most powerful religious organization in Serbia, Bosnia, Montenegro, and Kosovo. The Bulgarian Orthodox Church is the largest and most powerful religious organization in Bulgaria. The Church of Denmark is the largest and most powerful religious organization in Denmark. The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland is the largest and most powerful religious organization in Finland. The Church of Norway is the largest and most powerful religious organization in Norway. The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia is the largest and most powerful religious organization in Latvia. The Macedonian Orthodox Church is the largest and most powerful religious organization in North Macedonia. The Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church is the largest and most powerful religious organization in Estonia. The Church of Cyprus is the largest and most powerful religious organization in Cyprus. The Church of Iceland is the largest and most powerful religious organization in Iceland.

In recent generations some Europeans have argued that due to the universalistic nature and partially non-European origins of Christianity, Europeans should create new religions or return to pre-Christian European paganism such as the Greco-Roman religion or Old Norse religion. However, nearly all Europeans who explicitly abandon and denounce Christianity become nominally secular and this is likely to remain the general trend for the foreseeable future. Across the course of human history as civilizations develop over the millennia they generally follow a religious pattern of animism and then polytheism and then monotheism and then agnosticism and finally atheism with each particular tradition syncretically fusing with the previous. Christianity, as a syncretic fusion of Judaism and Greco-Roman paganism, was in the right place and right time as the most developed monotheistic tradition among Europeans within the Roman Empire to overtake the polytheistic Greco-Roman religion as Europeans reached higher levels of human development. Were it not for Christianity it is quite possible that the competing monotheistic cults like that of Sol Invictus or Mithras would have evolved to become the preeminent religion of Europeans today. 

While occasionally modern Europeans will dabble in aspects of Asian religions like Buddhism, Islam, or even Hinduism it is exceedingly rare for a European to convert to a non-Christian religion and faithfully practice that religion for the rest of their life. Though some modern Europeans may have grown up in nominally secular homes nearly all of the European ancestors of Europeans have been at least nominally Christian for a thousand years or more. Furthermore, the cultural and moral foundation of European civilization is still to be found in Christianity even if many modern Europeans increasingly no longer hold a strong literal belief in all of the spiritual tenets of Christianity. 

Currently Europeans are in the process of transitioning from a predominately monotheistic culture to a predominately secular culture as Christianity rapidly collapses among Europeans across the world. In the coming generations Christianity will almost certainly trend towards becoming increasingly defined by Africans in particular and to a lesser extent Amerindians who are at a different stage of development in their civilizational cycle and therefore have significantly higher levels of religiosity. While historically for essentially the entire history of Christianity as a codified religion it was defined by Europeans, if current trends are to continue the spiritual explorations, proclivities, and innovations of Africans primarily and Amerindians secondarily will come to define the Christianity of the future. 

Christianity first saw widespread adoption among Amerindians and Africans as part of European Colonialism during the Second European Golden Age when Europeans would conquer and colonize nearly the entire world. Though Europeans would also conquer and colonize most of Asia the Asian peoples had more developed societies and religions and therefore were generally unwilling to adopt Christianity. Though today there are slightly more African Christians than African Muslims it is almost certain that in the coming generations this trend will reverse as Islam overtakes Christianity to become the world's largest religion. Historically, Europeans were much more powerful than Southwest Asians and therefore Christianity was more widely spread than Islam. However, as Europeans rapidly secularize and lose interest in spreading their traditional religion and maintaining its footholds across the world the boundaries of Islam in Africa will begin to move southward and Africa will almost certainly become majority Muslim. 

It is quite possible that by the end of this century Protestantism among Europeans will be functionally extinct, with all the historic Protestant churches like the Anglicans and Lutherans largely having collapsed as the Germanic Europeans, which historically defined European Protestantism, will be the furthest along in their transition to secularism. Protestantism may well split off from historic Christianity as defined by the Catholic and Orthodox to form an entirely new religion. Just as how Mormonism would branch off from Christianity to form what the vast majority of theologians would consider to be a distinct, though still highly related, religion in its own right Protestantism will quite possibly do the same. If current trends are to continue the vast majority of Protestants will soon be Africans and Amerindians, mostly Pentecostals, and their spiritual explorations and innovations will come to define Protestantism. In the future when a European thinks of a modern Protestant they will likely not think of a German Lutheran or an English Anglican or even an American Baptist, but instead of an African or Amerindian vaguely Pentecostal pastor who has never been to seminary or had any formal theological training faith healing, prophesying, making animal sacrifices, speaking in tongues, and promising congregants that if they tithe to him their investment will be paid back tenfold. Just as Christianity became an independent religion through the syncretic fusion of Judaism and Greco-Roman paganism so too Protestantism may well become an independent religion through the syncretic fusion of Christianity and traditional African and Amerindian spiritual practices. 

For 69 years from December 30th, 1922 when the Soviet Union was founded until December 26th, 1991 when the Soviet Union dissolved there was a European Cold War between the capitalist Western European countries and the communist Eastern European countries. While there would be a great deal of tension as soon as the Communists won the Russian Civil War, this tension would significantly intensify after the conclusion of the Second European World War, with the Soviets permanently occupying the Eastern European countries they had conquered during the war. As an "Iron Curtain" descended the European World was split in two. Though many European ethnic groups would resist Soviet domination, such as the Hungarian Uprising of 1956 or the Czech Uprising of 1968, the Soviet Union and its communist puppet regimes would kill anyone who opposed, or even attempted to flee, their rule. Though the exact number of Europeans killed is difficult to estimate it is nearly universally accepted that over the 20th century the Soviets and its communist puppet regimes would intentionally kill tens of millions of Europeans across Eastern Europe through execution, concentration camps, and forced starvation. 

With the dissolution of the Soviet Union on December 26th, 1991 the European Cold War would come to an end, and communism would collapse in Europe. Their economic and foreign policy no longer directed by the Soviet Union most of the post-communist countries of Europe began to rapidly modernize, experiencing immense social, governmental, and economic progress, while quickly joining pan-European organizations. Every single post-communist country in Europe except for Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Serbia, Albania, Bosnia, Kosovo, and Montenegro have joined both the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and European Union with Russia and Belarus being the only of these countries to not actively be in the process of joining these pan-European alliances. The comparative lack of progress within these particular, newly formed countries was primarily driven by having significant Russian and Serbian minorities leftover from when they were still part of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia respectively, which was the primary cause of the Yugoslav Wars and the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War.

The largest war and greatest human tragedy in Europe since the end of the European World Wars is the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War. Initially beginning in February 2014, with the Russian annexation of Crimea from Ukraine and supporting of pro-Russian separatists fighting the Ukrainian military in the Donbas, the war exponentially escalated in February 2022 when Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. While many Europeans have a great deal of appreciation for Russian culture, history, and achievements as the Russians are among the most impactful of the European ethnicities, the vast majority of Europeans have demonstrated opposition to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, principally because Europeans have become weary of large-scale violent conflict between European ethnicities after the lessons learned from the European World Wars. The overwhelming majority of European countries across Europe, the Americas, and Australasia have provided military and humanitarian aid to Ukraine. Supporting Ukraine has been perhaps the most cohesive European Civilization has been on a military matter since the times of the Roman Empire and enjoys broad public approval.

Many view the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War as being partially motivated by an ideological struggle between the concepts of Europeanism and Eurasianism. The Ukrainian people and state broadly promote the concept of Europeanism, view themselves as fundamentally European, and desire closer ties to other European countries through membership in European institutions like the European Union or North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Historically, Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus were all part of the Soviet Union and before that the Russian Empire and so many of those currently in the Russian government believe that the Eastern Slavic countries of Ukraine and Belarus, should be within their sphere of influence as dependencies, if not annexed outright. They therefore promote the concept of Eurasianism as an ideological counterweight to Ukraine's Europeanism. 

Eurasianism is a socio-political movement which states that Russia does not belong in the "European" or "Asian" categories but instead to the geopolitical concept of Eurasia governed by the "Russian world", forming an ostensibly standalone Russian Civilization which is distinct from European Civilization. Eurasianism, as a relatively new concept that emerged in the early 20th century during the Russian Civil War with the rise of the Soviet Union, conflicts with the historic state policy of the Russian Empire which was Euro-centric and considered itself a European power and indisputable part of European Civilization. As there is no genetic or cultural basis for the argument that Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarussians are not Europeans who are part of the European Race and the European Civilization formed by it, it is generally understood that the modern popularity of Eurasianism in the Kremlin comes from political expediency, and not objective reality. If the current regimes in Russia and Belarus, which remain the last dictatorships in Europe, were to publicly acknowledge the fact that Russians and Belarusians are Europeans, while pursuing closer ties with the rest of the European World, they would undoubtedly face increased internal and external pressure to have free and fair elections which they may well lose. Therefore, the modern governments of Russia and Belarus are heavily incentivized to rhetorically separate Russians and Belarusians from their fellow Europeans to instead ally with third-world pariah states like North Korea. It is almost certain that long term peace and prosperity in Eastern Europe will not be achieved until Europeanism overtakes Eurasianism as the underlying political philosophy of the Kremlin.